Accounting for more than 20% of global greenhouse-gas emissions, the transport sector plays a key role in the fight against global warming, alongside energy production. Decarbonizing mobility is a key lever in government strategies, making the electrification of transport, particularly the battery sector, one of the most strategic. The stakes are all the higher given that, while the lithium-ion battery sector has grown impressively over the past decade, this has mainly benefited China, which dominates the entire value chain. This Policy Brief provides an in-depth analysis of the positioning of the various players in the value chain, from minerals to batteries. By outlining industrial and institutional strategies, it also sets out how Europe can reduce its dependence on China. Finally, it focuses on sufficiency as a means of reducing dependence on critical materials and, by extension, on China.