This Working Paper investigates the local effects of trade exposure and immigration on voting behavior in France from 1988 to 2022. The authors use the content of each candidate's manifesto to construct an anti-globalization voting index for each French presidential election. This index shows a significant increase in the anti-globalization positions of candidates, and a growing anti-globalization vote beyond the far right. The paper shows that increasing local exposure to import competition and immigration increases anti-globalization votes, while increasing export exposure reduces them. The authors also find that imports have different effects depending on the products imported. While exposure to imports of final goods increases anti-globalization voting, exposure to imports of intermediate goods reduces it. Antoine Bouët, Anthony Edo, Charlotte Emlinger

The agriculture-food sector stands out as the foremost advantage of Mercosur's specialization, far surpassing the steel and wood-paper industries. In contrast, mechanical, electronic, and chemical products represent its main weaknesses. Emerging Asian economies as a whole, along with the Americas, are the key destinations for exports from the Southern Common Market: one-third of the total exports go to these two regions, compared to less than one-fifth to the European continent in 2022. China's share alone in Mercosur's trade, both in exports and imports, surpasses that of Europe. For further insights, please check out the CEPII Profiles.

International Economics is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the publication of research in the area of applied international economics. The journal especially welcomes empirical contributions that include, but are not limited to, topics in international trade, commercial policy, open economy macroeconomics, international finance, exchange rates, financial and monetary policies, economic development, migration and factor movements. The December 2024 issue is in progress but contain articles that are final and fully citable.