This paper seeks to bring a historical perspective to current global financial architecture issues on the speed and scale of climate finance needed to achieve a safer two degrees world. We look back in history to a similar episode for lessons: the financing and building of railroads in the 19th century.

Low interest rates tend to favor ‘green technologies’ competitiveness while also increasing their cost volatility.

An argument in favor of Green infrastructure Quantitative Easing (GIQE).

Les mouvements de population observés dans le monde suite à des conflits ont généralement lieu à l’intérieur des pays touchés. Lorsque ces flux passent la frontière du pays, ils s’étendent le plus souvent aux pays limitrophes. Ils sont plus faibles au-delà.

The implementation of a multilateral mechanism for sovereign debt restructuring that the UN is calling for, is illusory. However, progress could be achieved in different ways: improving the contractual terms, introducing new clauses on automatic debt reprofiling and using the leverage of international funding.

Alors que les importations chinoises de produits laitiers ont explosé ces dernières années, les producteurs français n’ont jusqu’ici guère réussi à en profiter. La fin des quotas laitiers en avril 2015, ayant assoupli les contraintes pesant sur le secteur, ouvre pourtant des perspectives nouvelles.

Three factors hold back low-carbon investment in Europe: the risk/return profile of low-carbon investment projects, regulatory and behavioural features in the financial sector and a more global political economy context. These are key issues to create an investment climate for climate investment.

Financial shocks can originate from ecological imbalances what justifies more careful attention by the financial regulators to this specific risk. A new macroprudential framework is proposed.

A new UN Climate agreement will probably be signed by the end of this year with some incremental progress but even inveterate optimists like myself don’t believe it will be capable of ‘bridging the gap’ between the maximum that 196 governments can agree upon by consensus...

Once again, the Federal Reserve has postponed the date of exit from the zero lower bound. We show that the pace of the tightening cycle matters more than the exact timing of the first interest rate hike for the macroeconomy.